字符串的基本操作

本贴最后更新于 738 天前,其中的信息可能已经渤澥桑田

一、字符串拆分

1、语法:字符串.split("拆分字符",maxsplit=拆分次数),返回list

2、例子:

test_str = "aa bb cc dd"

new_str_list = test_str.split(" ")

结果:

['aa', 'bb', 'cc', 'dd']

3、注意:

(1)返回list

(2)拆分字符会被丢弃

(3)当拆分字符是第一个或者是最后一个,此时list里会增加一个空字符串

(4)如果拆分字符不传,默认按空格拆分

(5)如果在中间有两个拆分字符连续出现,此时拆分的时候会出现1个空格(2个拆分字符中间什么都没有,默认为空格)

二、字符串连接

1、语法:"连接字符".join(字符串)

2、例子

test_list = ["I","LOVE","PYTHON"]

rusult2 = "-".join(test_list)

结果:

"I-Love-PYTHON"

三、字符串替换

1、语法:

result = 字符串.replace(old,new,count)

#old:需要替换掉的字符

#new:需要放进去的字符

#count:替换次数,默认是全部替换

2、例子

test = "hhahhsdfw"

result = test_str.replace("h","&")

结果:&&a&&sdfw

result2 = test_str.replace("h","&",3)#指定替换3次

结果:&&a&hsdfw

四、字符串的成员运算

1、in :在 就返回True

2、not in:不在 就返回True

test_str = "hhahhsdfw"

print("aa" in test_str)

返回:False

print("aa" not in test_str)

返回:True

五、字符串格式化

1、%s 字符串占位符

price1 = "this phone is %s" %("100")

price2 = "this phone is %s" %(100)#如果后面放的不是字符串,会强制给你转成字符串

print(price1)

print(price2)

结果:

this phone is 100
this phone is 100

2、%d 数值占位符

price1 = "this phone is %d" %(100)

price2 = "this phone is %d" %(-100)

price3 = "this phone is %d" %(99.99)#如果是小数,会强制把小数部分抹掉

print(price1)

print(price2)

print(price3)

结果

this phone is 100
this phone is -100
this phone is 99

3、%f 浮点数的占位符

price1 = "this phone is %f" %(100)#默认精确到6位小数

price2 = "this phone is %.2f" %(100)#后面保留2位小数

print(price1)

print(price2)

结果:

this phone is 100.000000
this phone is 100.00

4、format

(1)按顺序取值

price1 = "this phone is {}".format(99.99)#format中可以放任意数据类型

price2 = "this phone is {}".format([1,2,3,4,5])

print(price1)

print(price2)

结果

this phone is 99.99
this phone is [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

(2)按索引取值

info = "my name is {1} age is {0} job is{2} city is{3}".format("老王",20,"测试工程师","深圳")

print(info)

结果:

my name is 20 age is 老王 job is测试工程师 city is深圳

(3)按关键字取值

info = "my name is {name} age is {age} job is{job} city is {city}".format(name="老王",age=20,job="测试工程师",city="深圳")

print(info)

结果:

my name is 老王 age is 20 job is测试工程师 city is 深圳

5、f

name="刘德华"

age = 20

city = "深圳"

job = "测试工程师"

info = f"my name is {name} age is {age} job is{job} city is {city}"

print(info)

结果

my name is 刘德华 age is 20 job is测试工程师 city is 深圳

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